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In plain terms
Hayd
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Hayd is menstruation. During it, a woman is exempted from prayer and fasting. Specific rulings also apply to other acts of worship, such as touching the mushaf or entering ihram. It ends with ghusl once bleeding stops.
Related terms
Nifas
Nifas is the bleeding that follows childbirth. Like hayd, it exempts a woman from prayer and fasting, and ends with ghusl once it stops. Its maximum recognized duration is…
Istihadah
Istihadah is irregular or prolonged bleeding outside the normal pattern of hayd or nifas. Islamic law treats it as a medical condition, not a state that exempts a woman from…
Ghusl
Ghusl is the full ritual washing of the entire body. It is required after major ritual impurity, such as sexual intimacy or the end of a menstrual or postnatal period. It is more…