In plain terms
Shirk
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Shirk is associating partners with God — attributing His unique qualities, worship, or authority to something or someone else. Islamic theology treats it as the gravest violation of tawhid, God's oneness. Scholars distinguish between its major and minor forms.
Related terms
Tawhid
Tawhid is the oneness of God, the central concept of Islamic belief. It affirms that God alone is worthy of worship, without partner or equal. Its opposite is shirk, associating…
Kufr
Kufr is disbelief: the rejection of core articles of Islamic faith. Scholars distinguish between kufr as a technical description of a belief or act, and kufr as a judgment about…