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In plain terms
Qiyas
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Qiyas is analogical reasoning: extending a known ruling to a new case that shares its underlying reason. It is one of the tools scholars use in ijtihad. Two scholars can identify different reasons and reach different conclusions.
Related terms
Ijtihad
Ijtihad is the disciplined effort a qualified scholar makes to work out a ruling. It applies when a question isn't answered directly by the Qur'an or sunnah. Later scholars can…
Ijma
Ijma is the scholarly consensus of qualified jurists on a point of Islamic law, in a given era. Classical scholarship treats a genuine ijma as strong evidence. How carefully a…